A web engineering approach for the development of business process-driven web applications

Actualmente, la World Wide Web se ha convertido en la plataforma más común para llevar a cabo el desarrollo de aplicaciones corporativas. Estas aplicaciones reciben el nombre de aplicaciones Web y entre otras funciones, deben de dar soporte a los Procesos de Negocio (PN) definidos por las corporaciones. Esta tesis presenta un método de Ingeniería Web que permite el modelado y la construcción sistemática de aplicaciones Web que soportan la ejecución de PN. En este trabajo se conciben los PN desde un punto de vista más amplio que el abordado por otros métodos de Ingeniería Web. El tipo de PN abordados incluye tanto procesos cortos como largos. A grosso modo, esta concepción más amplia permite considerar procesos que involucran diferentes participantes (personas y/o sistemas) los cuales cooperan para llevar a cabo un objetivo particular. Además, dependiendo del tipo de proceso que se esté ejecutando (corto o largo), la interacción del usuario con el sistema deberá adaptarse a cada caso. El método presentado en esta tesis ha sido desarrollado basándose en el Desarrollo de Software Dirigido por Modelos. De esta forma, el método propone un conjunto de modelos que permiten representar los diferentes aspectos que caracterizan las aplicaciones Web que soportan la ejecución de PN. Una vez el sistema ha sido representado en los modelos correspondientes, mediante la aplicación de transformación de modelos se obtiene otros modelos (transformaciones de modelo-a-modelo) e incluso el código que representa el sistema modelado en términos de un lenguaje de implementación (transformaciones de modelo-a-texto). El método propuesto en esta tesis está soportado por una herramienta llamada BIZZY. Esta herramienta ha sido desarrollada en el entorno de Eclipse y cubre el proceso de desarrollo desde la fase de modelado hasta la generación de código. En particular, el código generado corresponde con el framework Web Tapestry (framework que genera aplicaciones Web en Java) y con WS-BPEL,Torres Bosch, MV. (2008). A web engineering approach for the development of business process-driven web applications [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/2933Palanci

Developing BP-driven web application through the use of MDE techniques

Model driven engineering (MDE) is a suitable approach for performing the construction of software systems (in particular in the Web application domain). There are different types of Web applications depending on their purpose (i.e., document-centric, interactive, transactional, workflow/business process-based, collaborative, etc). This work focusses on business process-based Web applications in order to be able to understand business processes in a broad sense, from the lightweight business processes already addressed by existing proposals to long-running asynchronous processes. This work presents a MDE method for the construction of systems of this type. The method has been designed in two steps following the MDE principles. In the first step, the system is represented by means of models in a technology-independent manner. These models capture the different aspects of Web-based systems (these aspects refer to behaviour, structure, navigation, and presentation issues). In the second step, the model transformations (both model-to- model and model-to-text) are applied in order to obtain the final system in terms of a specific technology. In addition, a set ofEclipse-based tools has been developed to provide automation in the application of the proposed method in order to validate the proposal.Torres Bosch, MV.; Giner Blasco, P.; Pelechano Ferragud, V. (2012). Developing BP-driven web application through the use of MDE techniques. Software and Systems Modeling. 11(4):609-631. doi:10.1007/s10270-010-0177-5S609631114Andrews, T., Curbera, F., Dholakia, H., Goland, Y., Klein, J., Leymann, F., Liu, K., Roller, D., Smith, D., Thatte, S., Trickovic, I., Weerawarana, S.: Business process execution language for Web services version 1.1 (May 2003)Barna, P., Frasincar, F., Houben, G.J.: A workow-driven design of Web information systems. In: Wolber, D., Calder, N., Brooks, C., Ginige, A. (eds.) ICWE, ACM, pp. 321–328Bakshi, K., Karger, D.R.: Semantic Web applications. In: Proceedings of the ISWC 2005 Workshop on End User Semantic Web Interaction (November 2005)Brambilla M., Ceri S., Fraternali P., Manolescu I.: Process modeling in Web applications. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 15(4), 360–409 (2006)Brambilla, M., Preciado, J.C., Trigueros, M.L., Sánchez-Figueroa F.: Business process-based conceptual design of rich internet applications. In: ICWE, pp. 155–161 (2008)Brambilla, M., Butti, S., Fraternali, P.: Webratio bpm: a tool for designing and deploying business processes on the Web. In: ICWE, pp. 415–429 (2010)Business process modeling notation (BPMN). OMG final adopted specification. dtc/06-02-01 (February 2006)Ceri, S., Fraternali, P., Bongio, A.: Web modeling language (Webml): a modeling language for designing Web sites. In: Proceedings of the 9th international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks : the international journal of computer and telecommunications networking, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 137–157. North-Holland Publishing Co., The Netherlands (2000)Davis J.: Open Source SOA. Manning Publications Co, Greenwich (2009)Distante, D.: Reengineering legacy applications and Web transactions: an extended version of the UWA transaction design model. Ph.D. thesis, University of Lecce, Italy (2004)Distante D., Rossi G., Canfora G., Tilley S.R.: A comprehensive design model for integrating business processes in Web applications. Int. J. Web Eng. Technol. 3(1), 43–72 (2007)Duhl, J.: Rich internet applications. Technical report, IDC (November 2003)Fons, J.: OOWS: A model driven method for the development of web applications. Ph.D. thesis, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (2008)Fons, J., Pelechano, V., Pastor, O., Valderas, P., Torres, V.: Applying the OOWS model-driven approach for developing web applications. The internet movie database case study. In: Web Engineering: Modelling and Implementing Web Applications. Human–Computer Interaction Series, pp. 65–108. Springer, London (2008)Fowler, M.: Inversion of control containers and the dependency injection pattern. http://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html (January 2004)Gershenfeld N., Krikorian R., Cohen D.: The internet of things. Sci Am 291(4), 76–81 (2004)Giner P., Cetina C., Fons J., Pelechano V.: Developing mobile business processes for the internet of things. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 9, 18–26 (2010)Gómez J., Cachero C., Pastor O.: Extending a conceptual modelling approach to Web application design. In: Wangler, B., Bergman, L. (eds) CAiSE. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1789, pp. 79–93. 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In: ICWE Workshops, pp. 325–338 (2004)Linaje M., Preciado J.C., Sánchez-Figueroa F.: Engineering rich internet application user interfaces over legacy Web models. IEEE Internet Comput. 11(6), 53–59 (2007)Link, S., Hoyer, P., Schuster, T., Abeck, S.: Model-driven development of human tasks for workflows. In: ICSEA ‘08: Proceedings of the 2008 third international conference on software engineering advances, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 329–335. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2008)Marcos, E., Cáceres, P., Castro, V. D.: An approach for navigation model construction from the use cases model. In: CAiSE Forum. Held in conjunction with the 16th Conference On Advanced Information Systems Engineering (June 2004)Pietschmann, S., Voigt, M., Meissner, K.: Adaptive rich user interfaces for human interaction in business processes. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE 2009), WISE, pp. 351–364. 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In: MoDELS, pp. 226–240 (2007)Tedre M.: What should be automated?. Interactions 15(5), 47–49 (2008)Torres, V., Giner, P., Bonet, B., Pelechano, V.: Adapting BPMN to Public Administration. In: Proceedings BPMN 2010 Springer’s Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP). Postdam, Germany (to appear)Troyer, O.D., Casteleyn, S.: Modeling complex processes for Web applications using wsdm. In: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Web-Oriented Software Technologies (held in conjunction with ICWE2003), IWWOST2003 (2003

A Catalogue of Adaptation Rules to Support Local Changes in Microservice Compositions Implemented as Choreographies of BPMN Fragments

Microservices need to be composed in order to provide their customers with valuable services. To do so, event-based choreographies are used many times since they help to maintain a lower coupling among microservices. In previous works, we presented an approach that proposed creating the big picture of the composition in a BPMN model, splitting it into BPMN fragments and distributing these fragments among microservices. In this way, we implemented a microservice composition as an event-based choreography of BPMN fragments. Based on this approach, this work focuses on supporting the evolution of a microservice composition. We pay special attention to how a microservice composition can be evolved from the local perspective of a microservice since changes performed locally can affect the communication among microservices and as a result the integrity of the whole composition. In particular, we present a catalogue of compensation rules that characterize all the local changes that can be done in an event-based communication element of a BPMN fragment. We also analyse the generated inconsistencies and propose the required actions to adapt the affected participants and guarantee a functional composition.Ortiz Amaya, J.; Torres Bosch, MV.; Valderas Aranda, PJ. (2022). A Catalogue of Adaptation Rules to Support Local Changes in Microservice Compositions Implemented as Choreographies of BPMN Fragments. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/18155

VIVACE: A framework for the systematic evaluation of variability support in process-aware information systems

Context: The increasing adoption of process-aware information systems (PAISs) such as workflow management systems, enterprise resource planning systems, or case management systems, together with the high variability in business processes (e.g., sales processes may vary depending on the respective products and countries), has resulted in large industrial process model repositories. To cope with this business process variability, the proper management of process variants along the entire process lifecycle becomes crucial. Objective: The goal of this paper is to develop a fundamental understanding of business process variability. In particular, the paper will provide a framework for assessing and comparing process variability approaches and the support they provide for the different phases of the business process lifecycle (i.e., process analysis and design, configuration, enactment, diagnosis, and evolution). Method: We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) in order to discover how process variability is supported by existing approaches. Results: The SLR resulted in 63 primary studies which were deeply analyzed. Based on this analysis, we derived the VIVACE framework. VIVACE allows assessing the expressiveness of a process modeling language regarding the explicit specification of process variability. Furthermore, the support provided by a process-aware information system to properly deal with process model variants can be assessed with VIVACE as well. Conclusions: VIVACE provides an empirically-grounded framework for process engineers that enables them to evaluate existing process variability approaches as well as to select that variability approach meeting their requirements best. Finally, it helps process engineers in implementing PAISs supporting process variability along the entire process lifecycle. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work has been developed with the support of MICINN under the project EVERYWARE TIN2010-18011.Ayora Esteras, C.; Torres Bosch, MV.; Weber, B.; Reichert, M.; Pelechano Ferragud, V. (2015). VIVACE: A framework for the systematic evaluation of variability support in process-aware information systems. Information and Software Technology. 57:248-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2014.05.009S2482765

Modelos de características para la gestión de la variabilidad en las perspectivas de los procesos de negocio

[EN] Construir modelos de Procesos de Negocio (PN) implica grandes retos, especialmente cuando los PN varían. Además, éstos pueden verse desde diferentes perspectivas, e.g., la perspectiva de comportamiento (i.e., control de flujo), la organizacional (i.e., distribución de recursos), o la informacional (i.e., flujo de datos). Dependiendo del contexto en el que el PN se lleva a cabo, es posible encontrar variabilidad en cualquiera de estas perspectivas. A pesar de que existen propuestas para modelar la variabilidad en los PN, éstas están muy ligadas al lenguaje de modelado para el que fueron concebidas y, además, se centran principalmente en la perspectiva de comportamiento. Para gestionar la variabilidad en todas las perspectivas de los PN de una manera más flexible, este trabajo presenta una propuesta basada en modelos de características. Estos modelos no sólo mejoran la expresividad de la variabilidad en los PN, sino también el mantenimiento y la comprensión de los modelos de PN resultantes.The authors would like to thank Generalitat Valenciana and MICINN (Spanish Government) for its financial support under projects GV/2009/007 and TEC2010-21520-C04-01.Ayora Esteras, C.; Torres Bosch, MV.; Pelechano Ferragud, V. (2012). Modelos de características para la gestión de la variabilidad en las perspectivas de los procesos de negocio. Novática. (219):36-41. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/38298S364121

Variability management in process families through change patterns

© 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Context: The increasing adoption of process-aware information systems together with the high variability in business processes has resulted in collections of process families. These families correspond to a business process model and its variants, which can comprise hundreds or thousands of different ways of realizing this process. Managing process variability in this context can be very challenging, labor-intensive, and error-prone, and new approaches for managing process families are necessary. Objective: We aim to facilitate variability management in process families, ensure process family correctness, and reduce the effort needed for such purposes. Method: We have derived a set of change patterns for process families from variability-specific language constructs identified in the literature. For validation, we have conducted a case study with a safety standard in which we have measured the number of operations needed to model and evolve the variability of the standard with and without the patterns. Results: We present 10 change patterns for managing variability in process families and show how they can be implemented. The patterns support the modeling and evolution of process families and ensure process family correctness by automatically introducing and deleting modeling elements. The case study results show that the application of the defined change patterns can reduce the number of operations when modeling a process family by 34% and when evolving it by 40%. Conclusions: The application of the change patterns can help in effectively modeling and evolving large and highly-variable process families. Their application can also considerably reduce variability management effort. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work has been developed with the financial support of Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project SMART-ADAPT TIN2013-42981-P. We also want to thank Barbara Weber and Manfred Reichert for their valuable input and feedback on the design and development of the set of change patterns for process families.Ayora Esteras, C.; Torres Bosch, MV.; De La Vara González, JL.; Pelechano Ferragud, V. (2016). Variability management in process families through change patterns. Information and Software Technology. 74:86-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2016.01.007S861047

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

A Model-Driven approach for the design and implementation of software development methods

The Situational Method Engineering (SME) discipline emerged two decades ago to address the challenge of the in-house definition of software development methods and the construction of the corresponding supporting tools. Unfortunately, current SME approaches still have limitations that are hindering their adoption by industry. One of these limitations is that most approaches do not properly encompass two phases of the SME lifecycle, which refer to the method design and the method implementation. To address this limitation, this paper demonstrates how Model-Driven Development (MDD) techniques can contribute to successfully cover both phases. The proposal is illustrated by a real case study that is currently being used at the Valencian Regional Ministry of Infrastructure, Territory and Environment.Cervera Úbeda, M.; Albert Albiol, M.; Torres Bosch, MV.; Pelechano Ferragud, V. (2012). A Model-Driven approach for the design and implementation of software development methods. 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In Actas de los Talleres de las Jornadas de Ingeniera del Software y Bases de Datos (pp. 47-56).Ferguson, R. ., Parrington, N. ., Dunne, P., Hardy, C., Archibald, J. ., & Thompson, J. . (2000). MetaMOOSE—an object-oriented framework for the construction of CASE tools. Information and Software Technology, 42(2), 115-128. doi:10.1016/s0950-5849(99)00081-6Grundy, J. C., & Venable, J. R. (1996). Towards an integrated environment for method engineering. In Proceedings of the IFIP TC8, WG8.1/8.2 Working Conference on Method Engineering (pp. 45-62).Gupta, D., & Prakash, N. (2001). Engineering Methods from Method Requirements Specifications. Requirements Engineering, 6(3), 135-160. doi:10.1007/s007660170001Harmsen, A. F. (1997). Situational method engineering (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Utrecht, The Netherlands: University of Twente.Hevner, March, Park, & Ram. (2004). Design Science in Information Systems Research. MIS Quarterly, 28(1), 75. doi:10.2307/25148625Heym, M., & Osterle, H. (1992). A semantic data model for methodology engineering. In Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Computer-Aided Software Engineering (pp. 142-155).Karlsson, F., & Ågerfalk, P. (2009). Exploring agile values in method configuration. European Journal of Information Systems, 18(4), 300-316. doi:10.1057/ejis.2009.20Kelly, S., Lyytinen, K., & Rossi, M. (1996). MetaEdit+ A fully configurable multi-user and multi-tool CASE and CAME environment. In P. Constantopoulos, J. Mylopoulos, & Y. Vassiliou (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (LNCS 1080, pp. 1-21).Mathiassen, L. (2002). Collaborative practice research. Information Technology & People, 15(4), 321-345. doi:10.1108/09593840210453115Mirbel, I., & Ralyté, J. (2005). Situational method engineering: combining assembly-based and roadmap-driven approaches. Requirements Engineering, 11(1), 58-78. doi:10.1007/s00766-005-0019-0Niknafs, A., & Asadi, M. (2009). Towards a process modeling language for method engineering support. In Proceedings of the WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering (pp. 674-681).Niknafs, A., & Ramsin, R. (2008). Computer-aided method engineering: An analysis of existing environments. In Z. Bellahsène & M. Léonard (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (LNCS 5074, pp. 525-540).Object Management Group. (2005). Reusable asset specification (v2.2). Retrieved from http://www.omg.org/spec/RAS/Object Management Group. (2007). Software & systems process engineering metamodel (v2.0). Retrieved from http://www.omg.org/spec/SPEM/2.0/Object Management Group. (2011). Business process model and notation (v2.0). Retrieved from http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/Prakash, N. (1997). Towards a formal definition of methods. Requirements Engineering, 2(1), 23-50. doi:10.1007/bf02802896Ralyté, J., Deneckère, R., & Rolland, C. (2003). Towards a generic model for situational method engineering. In J. Eder & M. Missikoff (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (LNCS 2681, p. 1029).Rolland, C., Prakash, N., & Benjamen, A. (1999). A Multi-Model View of Process Modelling. Requirements Engineering, 4(4), 169-187. doi:10.1007/s007660050018Saeki, M. (2003). CAME: The first step to automated method engineering. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Process Engineering for Object-Oriented and Component-Based Development.Wistrand, K., & Karlsson, F. (2004). Method components – Rationale revealed. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (pp. 189-201)